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Historian Eugene Rogan explains one of the most poorly understood aspects of the First World War – the defeat of the Ottomans and the clearing of the way for a new Middle East that has endured until today. The Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful states in Europe and ruled the Middle East but had weakened significantly by 1914. Rogan explains how Britain, France and Russia decided to finish off the empire by invading Gallipoli after the Ottomans joined the Central Powers.

Rogan teaches the modern history of the Middle East at the University of Oxford. His book, Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire, won the Albert Hourani Prize.

FT Weekend review of The Fall of the Ottomans.